Roughly 1 in 5 men in the United States are diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. It is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of death in men in the United States. It possesses a global problem, with recent increases in the incidence outside the western world. If detected early, it is treatable. Surgery, radiation, and pharmaceuticals are used to block testosterone. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinoma. Gene mutations accumulate and promote abnormal cell division leading to cancer.

When a man is diagnosed with prostate cancer, they face the problem of deciding an initial treatment that could be right for them. The current staging by Gleason does not reflect the understanding of prostate cancer biology nor the implications of this biology for outcomes and management. There needs to be further refinement according to new molecular aberrations that exist within this disease. This refinement may allow us for more precise” personalized” management of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Europe. Recently the treatment of prostate cancer has dramatically changed across the spectrum of the illness. We are now able to identify men that have a higher likelihood of having clinically significant cancer, thus benefit from early detection and immediate treatment. New clinical and biologic biomarkers have shown to determine once localized prostate cancer was diagnosed, which tumors to optimally treat using active surveillance or which tumor needs aggressive treatments.

Provenge (sipuleucel-T) Immunotherapy with cellular immunotherapy is designed to stimulate the patient’s immune system against cancer.

This therapy is dendritic cell-based therapy for prostate cancer and was the first successful demonstration of immunotherapy found. This treatment is relatively nontoxic and provides survival benefits for men with asymptomatic metastasis.

Other cancer vaccines that are now available include autologous whole cancer vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, and supportive oligonucleotide (SOT). They are all used in combination to provide synergistic effects.